NOW DESKTOP CPU VOLTAGE REGULATION MODULE(VRM)

1. Components  used in this sections are :

• Resistors
• Capacitors polar/non-polar
• Mosfet 
• controller ic
• Voltage Regulator ic
• In some branded board like (Intel, asus , gigabyte) the driver ic will be there.

Define
This section is used to create a core voltage for processor and the power will be taken from four pins power connector (2 yellow wire for +12.0v and 2 black wire for negative power GND).

From this connector processor power will be created and this connector also called smart connector . To check the cpu voltage regulation we have to follow yellow cable(+12v dc) with multi meter .Processor get 1.0v-1.8v depending on processor model like 

• pentium4 processor = 1.5v-1.75v
• Dual core                 = 1.2v-1.45v
• core2duo                  = 1.1v-1.35v

Same as core processors . processors runs with low voltage but high Amp  that's why it gets too hot soon. 
Now the most important things is that how 12v dc will will change into 1.8v core volt to processor is our topic. what is the process of this module i have figure of it  i will add soon

Here, you can see the CPU socket and middle area of socket you can see some brown components which is called Non-polar capacitor. this capacitor have no + and - pole but its one side it passes + positive supply and another side -negative . we can leave negative because we can use negative supply from any part of the board. we can check core voltage with its positive line with multi meter always put multi meter black probe in negative line and leave it there and check with reb probe to check voltage of cpu while giving power this is called hot testing of board .
If you don't giving power while testing it is called cool testing and cool testing is to check relation of track and trace the board in cool test multi meter value have to be set in beeper or buzzer where it gives sound and if multi meter give sound with 000 value it have relation or sorting . we describe sorting case in another chapter . Now we have to check relation of track and semi conductor from 12v input to 1.8v voltage and controller ic.